A American company UNIVAC began as a "business" computer division of Remington Rand formed by the choose of the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1950. (EMCC was a company founded by, & known as fallowing, them inventors/architects of the ENIAC.) UNIVAC is an acronym, standing for UNIVersal Automatic Computer.

History and structure

John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly built the ENIAC computer (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) at the Moore School of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. So, to reserve any new patent rights for themselves, it formed a Electronic Computer Corporation. That company number 1 built the computer known as BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) for Northrop Aviation (which was little used, or even possibly non in the least). Subsequently began a development of UNIVAC. UNIVAC was 1st meant for the Census bureau, which invite good deal of the development, then was put around production. A Electronic Computer Corp. was number 1 the subsidiary of Western Totalizator, which manufactured horse race track tote boards. Nonetheless, due to managemnt changes at Our contries Tote, ECC was sold to Remington-Rand. Rem-R& experienced its have science lab around Norwalk, CT, and late bought Engineering The food and drug administration Associates within St. Paul, Minnesota. Remington-Rand merged these groups, calling a symptom a Univac Section of Remington-Rand.

A best known UNIVAC product was a UNIVAC I mainframe computer of 1951, which become known for predicting a effect of the U.S. presidential election a as a result month.

Around 1953 or 1954 Remington Rand merged their tabulating machine division inside Norwalk, Connecticut, the Engineering Research Associates "scientific" computer division, & a UNIVAC "business" computer section into one section under a UNIVAC title.

Inside 1955 Remington Rand merged with Sperry Corporation to become Sperry Rand. A UNIVAC section of Remington Rand was renamed Sperry UNIVAC. General Douglas MacArthur was chosen to head a company.

UNIVAC was one of a eight major computer companies (with IBM - the largest, Burroughs, Scientific Data Systems, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, RCA and Honeywell) through virtually all of the 1960s.

Around 1978 Sperry R&, an old fashioned conglomerate of disharmonious divisions (computers, typewriters, professional article of furniture, hay balers, manure spreaders, gyro, avionics, radiolocatiin, electric razors), decided to concentrate on its computing interests and unrelated divisions were sold. A company dropped a Rand from either its title & reverted back to Sperry Corporation.

Around 1986, Sperry Corporation merged with Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys.

Since a 1986 marriage of Burroughs & Sperry, Unisys has metamorphosed from either the computer manufacturer to the computer services and outsourcing firm, competing in the same marketplace when IBM, Electronic Data Systems (EDS), and Computer Sciences Corporation.

Unisys continues to project & manufacture proprietary, mainframe-class computers & associated software package.

Models
The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) was a number one commercial computer mass produced in the United States.

The UNIVAC II was an improvement to the UNIVAC I that UNIVAC first delivered inside 1958. A improvements involved core memory of 2000 to 10000 words, UNISERVO II tape drives which can utilize either a old UNIVAC We metallic tapes or even a newly mylar tapes, and a bit of of the circuits were transistorized (although it was still the vacuum tube computer). It was fully compatible sustaining existent UNIVAC We computer software for two code & information. A UNIVAC II personally likewise added a few videos to the UNIVAC I's instruction placed.

UNIVAC III successor to the UNIVAC I & Deuce system. Sperry R& began shipment inside 1962 and produced 96 UNIVAC III systems. Unlike the UNIVAC We personally & UNIVAC II, but, it wwhen a binary machine likewise as maintaining trend lines for everthing UNIVAC I & UNIVAC II decimal & alphameric format for feebleminded compatibility.

Remington Rand 409 was a plug-board programmed punch card calculator, designed in 1949.

A UNIVAC 418 was an 18-bit word core memory machine. All over a tierce different system, supplementary than 392 systems were made.

A UNIVAC 490 was a Xxx-bit word core memory machine using 16K or even 32K words; Four.Ogdoad microsecond period instance.

The UNIVAC 492 is similar to the UNIVAC 490, but by using extended memory to 64K 30-bit words.

A UNIVAC 494 was the Thirty-bit word machine and successor to the UNIVAC 490/492 with sooner CPU and 131K core memory. As much as Xxiv I/O trend lines were available & a patterns was commonly shipped by using UNIVAC FH880 or even even UNIVAC FH432 or FH1782 charismatic drum storage. Basic operating formulas was OMEGA (successor to REX for the 490) although customised operating systems were likewise utilized (e.g. CONTORTS for airline reservations).

The UNIVAC 1004 was the plug-patchboard programmed punch card data processing system, introduced inside 1962, by UNIVAC. Amount memory was 961 characters (Sestet bits) of core memory. Computer peripheral were the card reader (400 cards/minute), the card punch (200 wards/minute) applying Xc column circular hole cards, & the drum printer (400 lines/minute).

The UNIVAC 1005, an enhanced version of the UNIVAC 1004, was introduced in February 1966. A independent improvement on top a 1004 was conversion from either a plug-switchboard program to an internal stored program. A machine saw extensive have per US Army, including the 1st have of an electronic computer on the field of honor. Extrthe periphals were likewise available including the paper tape reader & a threesome pocket stacker selectable card read/punch. It as well experienced the triad stage card depending compiler for the programming language SARGE.

The UNIVAC 1101, or ERthe 1101, was a automatic data processing system designed by Engineering Search Associates (ERA) & built per Remington Rand corporation in the Fifties.

The UNIVAC 1102 or ERA 1102 was designed by Engineering Research Associates for the United States Air Click.

The UNIVAC 1103 was a successor to the UNIVAC 1101 introduced around 1953. An upgraded version UNIVAC 1103A was released within 1956 and was a coeval of the IBM 704.

The UNIVAC 1104 computer system was a Thirty-bit version of the UNIVAC 1103 built for Westinghouse Electric, in 1957, for use on the BOMARC Missile Program. Still, per instance a BOMARC was deployed in the 1960s, the further modern computer (a version of the AN/USQ-20, designated a G-40) got replaced a UNIVAC 1104.

A UNIVAC 1105 was the successor to the 1103A, & was introduced inside 1958.

The UNIVAC 1106 was a third member of Sperry Rand's UNIVAC 1100 series of computers, introduced in December 1969 and was absolutely identical to the UNIVAC 1108 in instruction set. Early versions of the UNIVAC 1106 were just half speed UNIVAC 1108 systems. Down the road Sperry R& utilized the different memory technique which was inherently slower and inexpensive than that of the UNIVAC 1108. After Sperry Rand replaced a core memory with semiconductor memory in 1975, a equivalent machine wwhen freed as the UNIVAC 1100/10. In that fresh appellative convention, a final digit represented a total of CPUs (called CAUs) in the body. Sperry Rand sold the amount of 338 processors around 1106 systems.

The UNIVAC 1107 was a number one member of Sperry Rand's UNIVAC 1100 series of computers, introduced in October 1962. Likewise referred to as a Thin Film Computer becautilise of its use of thin film memory for its register storage. Sole 36 systems were sold.

The UNIVAC 1108 was the 2nd member of Sperry Rand's UNIVAC 1100 series of computers, introduced in 1964. While Sperry Rand replaced a core memory sustaining semiconductor memory inside 1975, a equivalent machine wwhen freed as a UNIVAC 1100/20. In that recently appellative convention, a final digit represented a total of CPUs (known as CAUs) in the rules.

The UNIVAC 1110 was a 4th member of Sperry Rand's UNIVAC 1100 series of computers, introduced in 1972. A UNIVAC 1110 got trend lines for parallel processing: as much as captain hicks CPUs. Whilst Sperry Rand replaced a core memory using semiconductor memory inside 1975, a equivalent machine wwhen freed as a UNIVAC 1100/40. Therein newly appellative convention, a final digit represented a total of CPUs (known as CAUs) in the patterns. Sperry Rand sold the sum of 290 processors around 1110 systems.

A UNIVAC 1100/60 was introduced in 1979.

A Sperry UNIVAC Models 80 series was introduced around 1981.

A UNIVAC 1100/90 was a top of the range, liquid cooled version of the 1100 series mainframes.

The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems ab initio mass produced by Sperry Rand. A series continues to exist when supported in todays world by Unisys Corporation as a ClearPath IX.

The UNIVAC 9200 replaced a 1004. A printer-processor was 1 cabinet, a power supply & memory an additional & a card reader & optional card punch manufactured an 'L' wrought configuration. A patterns utilized 'Plated Wire Memory', which functioned somewhat such as core memory but used the non-destructive scan. Memory was 4k expandable to 16k. A printer was unique too, applying an oscillating-nature & severity bar instead of the drums that experienced been utilized until this point, and ran at speeds as much as 300 lines by the microscopic.

The UNIVAC Solid State was the Two-locatiin, bi-quinary coded decimal computer, by using memory on a rotating drum by using 5000 sign-language X digit words. It was one of a number one computers to utilise a select few firm-state components. It come within 2 versions: a Firm State Lxxx (IBM-style Lxxx column cards) & a Firm State Ninety (UNIVAC-style Xc column cards).

Operating Systems and the Romance of the Machine

A 1107 was a number 1 36-bit, word-oriented machine sustaining an architecture just about that which come to become referred to as that of the "1100 Series." It ran a EXEC II operating patterns, the load-oriented 2nd-generation operating system, average of the early to mid-1960s. A 1108 ran EXEC II & EXEC 8. It was a step higher from either the 1107 architecturally therein it supported supplementary than of these CPU by the rules & further memory. It got the thread synchronization instruction around a select few system (people by owning additional than a single CPU) & an optional channel extension pack known as an I/O Controller (IOC). A select few system of a 1108 implemented the ability to divide words into Four – 9-bit bytes, permitting utilize of ASCII characters. In these systems, EXEC 8 allowed pan treating of real-period applications, period-sharing, & background load act. TIP, the transactiinside-processing environment, allowed software download to exist as written within COBOL whereas similar computer program on competing systems were written in assembly language. In late systems, EXEC 8 was renamed OS1100 & OS2200, by owning modern descendent maintaining backwards compatiblity. the few other exotic operating systems ran on the 1108 -- one of which was RTOS, a additional bare-bones body designed to choose better benefit of the devices. A low-priced Body 80 series of little mainframes ran a OS/3 operating models.